What are the differences between a MVNO, MVNA, and MVNE?

What are the differences between a MVNO, MVNA, and MVNE?

Perhaps the first notable concept with an MVNE and an MVNA is that they do not have a relationship with the End-User.

An MVNA and an MVNE, instead, offer a degree of fundamental and related services to the MVNO Services provided to the MNVO which are related to the infrastructure and related services which may include Operation Support Systems (OSS) and Business Support Systems (BSS).


Some Mobile Virtual Network Operators want to have full control and ownership of their Operation and Business Support Systems, including billing.

Another Mobile Virtual Network Operator will want no direct proprietorship or control over their Operation and Business Support Systems, other MVNOs however will want something in between full ownership and no ownership – this is exactly where the MVNE and MVNA come into their alliance. The MVNE and MVNA can buy large scale minutes in higher, more economical, proportionate buys from MNOs – than individual MVNOs.

For an MVNO to install and implement such tasks as billing would be an extensive and expensive task – so this can be outsourced to an MVNE or MVNA which already have such systems installed and operational in every domain –

Hardware,
Software, and
Staff
One benefit of utilising an MVNE, or MVNA, is that these two providers can help the MVNO to defer capital expenditure and provide cost reductions.