Three Main Ancestors
Three Main Ancestors
Most royal houses can be traced back to three ancestors: Atlas, Deucalion 1, and Io:
Atlas
The Pelopides
Pelops 1 was son of Tantalus 1, son of Zeus and the Pleiad Dione 3, daughter of Atlas. Pelops 1's wife Hippodamia 3 was daughter of the Pleiad Sterope 3. The PLEIADES are daughters of Atlas. The Pelopides ruled Mycenae until the return of the HERACLIDES (descendants of Heracles 1, a descendant of Io). Pelops 1 came from Phrygia to Hellas, whereas Dardanus 1 [see below] came from Hellas to Phrygia.
The Trojans
The Trojans were also descendants of Atlas. Dardanus 1, son of Electra 3, daughter of Atlas, is at the beginning of the house of Troy, for Dardanus 1 is father of Erichthonius 1, father of Tros 1 (after whom the Trojans are called), father of Ilus 2 (founder of Ilium, that is, Troy), father of Laomedon 1, father of Priam 1, who was king when the city was destroyed.
Some Thebans
Among the Thebans, the usurpers Nycteus 2 and Lycus 5 were said to have come from Euboea, but they too might be descendants of Atlas, and so could be Amphion 1, grandson of Nycteus 2. Amphion 1 was married to Pelops 1's sister.
Names in this table
Acamas 1, Aeneas, Aethra 2, Agamemnon, Ajax 1, Alba, Alcathous 3, Alcyone 1, Amphion 1, Anchises 1, Antiope 3, Assaracus, Astyanax 2, Atlas, Atreus, Capys 1, Cometes 4, Dardanus 1, Dione 3, Electra 3, Erichthonius 1, Eurysaces, Ganymedes, Hector 1, Hyrieus, Ilus 2, Laomedon 1, Latinus 2, Munitus, Niobe 2, NIOBIDS, Nycteus 2, Orestes 2, Pelops 1, Periboea 2, Philaeus 1, Pittheus, Priam 1, Silvius, Tantalus 1, Theseus, Tisamenus 2, Tros 1.
[Partial lists of mainly mortal descendants. Some individuals are sometimes given other parentages]
Deucalion 1
The descendants of Deucalion 1 (and Aeolus 1) founded and ruled Thessalian cities such as Pherae, Phthia and Iolcus, but were periodically influential in Thebes, Argos, Athens, and Messenia.
Deucalion 1, the first mortal of this line and son of the Titan Prometheus 1, is father of Hellen 1, eponym of the Hellenes. From Hellen 1 sprang Dorus 1, Xuthus 1, and Aeolus 1. Dorus 1 is the eponym of the Dorians. Xuthus 1 is father of Achaeus 1 (eponym of the Achaeans), and of Ion 1, eponym of the Ionians. The Thessalian king Aeolus 1 (who is not the keeper of the winds) had many important descendants [see Aeolus 1].
Names in this table
Actor 3, Aeolia, Aeolus 1, Aepytus 1, Aetolus 2, Agenor 6, Alcestis, Alcmaeon 1, Alcmaeon 2, Althaea, Amphiaraus, Amphictyon, Amphilochus 2, Amythaon 1, Andropompus 1, Arcisius, Asterius 3, Bellerophon, Boeotus, Borus 3, Calyce 1, Cephalus 1, Codrus 1, Cretheus 1, Damasichthon 2, Deion, Deucalion 1, Diomede 1, Diomedes 2, Diomedes 3, Dorus 1, Endymion, Epicasta 1, Eumelus 1, Glaucus 1, Glaucus 3, Helen, Hellen 1, Hermione, Hippalcimus 2, Hippolochus 1, Hypermnestra 2, Itonus 1, Itonus 2, Laertes, Leda, Melanthus 1, Meleager, Menoetius 2, Neileus, Neleus, Nestor, Odysseus, Oeneus 2, Opheltes 2, Patroclus 1, Pelias 1, Peneleus, Penthilus 2, Periclymenus 1, Pleuron, Polydora 3, Porthaon, Prometheus 1, Protesilaus, Ptolemy 2, Salmoneus, Sillus, Sisyphus, Tectamus, Telemachus, Thestius 1, Thrasymedes 1, Tydeus 2, Tyro, Xanthus 6, Xuthus 1.
[Partial lists of mainly mortal descendants. Some individuals are sometimes given other parentages]
Io
Ancestors and founders of important cities like Mycenae, Thebes, and Argos were descendants of Io. These dominated also Crete, Laconia, and perhaps Arcadia. The HERACLIDES were descendants of Io. This house evolved first in north-east Africa, and the mideast (Phoenicia).
Io is the first mortal in this line. For this purpose, she is regarded as daughter of the river god Inachus, her other genealogies being more uncertain. After Io comes Epaphus 1, king of Egypt and father of Libya. Her descendants are Agenor 1, Belus 1, and Lelex 2. From Agenor 1 descended Europa and Cadmus, which is to say the houses of Crete and Thebes respectively. From Belus 1 descended Aegyptus 1 and Danaus 1, that is, the houses of Argos, and Mycenae.
Perseus 1 (descendant of Danaus 1 and Aegyptus 1), and his own descendants reigned in Mycenae. But after Eurystheus, or during his time, Mycenae came under the rule of the Pelopides, who are descendants of Atlas. These were expelled by the HERACLIDES after the Trojan War.
Names in this table
Abas 2, Aegyptus 1, Aepytus 2, Aepytus 4, Agamedes 2, Agapenor, Agenor 1, Agenor 12, Alcmena, Alector 1, Aleus, Amyclas 1, Anaxagoras, Ancaeus 1, Aphidas 1, Arcas 1, Argeus 1, Argus 5, Autesion 1, Belus 1, Cadmus, Callisto, Cercyon 2, Clytaemnestra, Cometes 2, Crotopus, Cynortes, Cypselus 1, Deucalion 2, Dotadas, Elatus 2, Electryon 1, Epaphus 1, Europa, Eurotas, Evadne 2, Gelanor, Glaucus 8, Heracles 1, Hippothous 6, Idomeneus 1, Inachus, Io, Iphis 1, Isthmius 2, Labdacus 1, Laius 1, Lelex 2, Libya, Lycaon 2, Lycastus 1, Lycurgus 2, Megapenthes 2, Merope 2, Minos 1, Minos 2, Niobe 1, Oebalus 1, Oedipus, Pelasgus 1, Perseus 1, Phintas, Phorbas 1, Phoroneus, Polydorus 2, Polynices, Proetus 1, Sparta, Sthenelas, Sthenelus 2, Stymphalus 1, Sybotas, Telephus, Thersander 1, Triopas 1, Tyndareus.
[Partial lists of mainly mortal descendants. Some individuals are sometimes given other parentages]
Other families
The Athenians do not belong originally to any of the mentioned primary families. They were the children of Gaia, or else "sons of the soil" [see AUTOCHTHONOUS]. This situation was altered when Aegeus 1 married the daughter of a Pelopid. To this, Theseus added his marriage with a descendant of Io. Finally, the throne was taken by Melanthus 1, a descendant of Deucalion 1.
The Colchians (for example Medea) are descendants of Helius, and so are the first Corinthians [see Corinth]. The first Troezenians had their own origin, but later Troezen was ruled by the descendants of Atlas.
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