refers to the concentration of glucose
Blood sugar, also known as blood glucose, refers to the concentration of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood. Glucose is a crucial source of energy for the cells in the body and is the primary fuel for the brain. Maintaining the appropriate blood sugar levels is essential for overall health and well-being.
The body carefully regulates blood sugar levels to ensure they remain within a narrow range. Two key hormones play a central role in this regulation:
Insulin: Produced by the pancreas, insulin helps lower blood sugar levels by allowing cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. It also promotes the storage of excess glucose in the liver and muscles for later use.
Glucagon: Also produced by the pancreas, glucagon does the opposite of insulin. It raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels are too low.
Normal blood sugar levels typically range between 70 and 140 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) in a fasting state (before meals). These levels can vary slightly depending on the specific guidelines used by medical professionals and organizations. Monitoring and managing blood sugar levels are critical for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing diabetes because they may have trouble regulating blood sugar on their own.
It's essential to maintain stable blood sugar levels to prevent both short-term symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) as well as long-term complications associated with diabetes, such as heart disease, kidney problems, nerve damage, and vision issues. Lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and medication (for those with diabetes) can help control blood sugar levels and promote good health.
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